If you cannot hear any sounds on your computer, for example when you try to play music, go through the following troubleshooting tips.

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Open the system menu and make sure that the sound is not muted or turned down.

The output socket may be different when running Linux, Windows or Mac OS. Try connecting the speaker cable to a different audio socket on your computer. A final thing to check is that the audio cable is securely plugged into the back of the speakers. Some speakers have more than one input, too. Boot into Mac OS X. Keep your Unibeast boot USB drive plugged in. At the boot screen, you'll see an icon for the hard drive where you installed Mountain Lion. Select it (use the arrow keys on your computer) and press 'Enter'. Download Multibeast from tonymacx86. Then, install UserDSDT- no actual DSDT file required! By request, here are three updated builds, based on the original CustoMac post from June 2010.These builds are our most current 1156 recommendations for fully compatible budget builds running Mac OS X as the primary operating system.

ACCEPT(2) BSD System Calls Manual ACCEPT(2) NAME accept- accept a connection on a socket SYNOPSIS #include socket.h int accept(int socket, struct sockaddr.restrict address, socklent.restrict addresslen); DESCRIPTION The argument socket is a socket that has been created with socket(2), bound to an address with bind(2), and is listening for connections after a listen(2). When usbmuxd is running (normally started, or stopped as a result of 'udev' auto-insertion messages or by systemd) it provides a socket interface in '/var/run/usbmuxd' that is designed to be compatible with the socket interface that is provided on Mac OS X.

Some laptops have mute switches or keys on their keyboards — try pressing that key to see if it unmutes the sound.

You should also check that you have not muted the application that you are using to play sound (for example, your music player or movie player). The application may have a mute or volume button in its main window, so check that.

Also, you can check the Applications tab in the Sound GUI:

1. Open the Activities overview and start typing Sound.

2. Click on Sound to open the panel.

3. Under Volume Levels, check that your application is not muted.

Check that the speakers are turned on and connected properly

If your computer has external speakers, make sure that they are turned on and that the volume is turned up. Make sure that the speaker cable is securely plugged into the “output” audio socket on your computer. This socket is usually light green in color.

Some sound cards can switch between the socket they use for output (to the speakers) and the socket for input (from a microphone, for instance). The output socket may be different when running Linux, Windows or Mac OS. Try connecting the speaker cable to a different audio socket on your computer.

A final thing to check is that the audio cable is securely plugged into the back of the speakers. Some speakers have more than one input, too.

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Some computers have multiple “sound devices” installed. Some of these are capable of outputting sound and some are not, so you should check that you have the correct sound device selected. This might involve some trial-and-error to choose the right one.

1. Open the Activities overview and start typing Sound.

2. Click on Sound to open the panel.

3. Under Output, change the Profile settings for the selected device and play a sound to see if it works. You might need to go through the list and try each profile.

   If that does not work, you might want to try doing the same for any other devices that are listed.

Your sound card may not have been detected properly probably because the drivers for the card are not installed. You may need to install the drivers for the card manually. How you do this depends on the type of the card.

Run the lspci command in the Terminal to find out what sound card you have:

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1. Go to the Activities overview and open a Terminal.

2. Run lspci as superuser; either type sudo lspci and type your password, or type su, enter the root (administrative) password, then type lspci.

3. Check if an audio controller or audio device is listed: in such case you should see the make and model number of the sound card. Also, lspci -v shows a list with more detailed information.

You may be able to find and install drivers for your card. It is best to ask on support forums (or otherwise) for your Linux distribution for instructions.

If you cannot get drivers for your sound card, you might prefer to buy a new sound card. You can get sound cards that can be installed inside the computer and external USB sound cards.

The Macintosh II is a personal computer designed, manufactured, and sold by Apple Computer from March 1987 to January 1990. Based on the Motorola 68020 32-bit CPU, it is the first Macintosh supporting color graphics. When introduced, a basic system with monitor and 20 MB hard drive cost US$5,498 (equivalent to $12,373 in 2019). With a 13-inch color monitor and 8-bit display card the price was around US$7,145 (equivalent to $16,079 in 2019).^[1] This placed it in competition with workstations from Silicon Graphics, Sun Microsystems, and Hewlett-Packard.

The Macintosh II was the first computer in the Macintosh line without a built-in display; a monitor rested on top of the case like the IBM PC and Amiga 1000. It was designed by hardware engineersMichael Dhuey (computer) and Brian Berkeley (monitor) and industrial designerHartmut Esslinger (case).

Eighteen months after its introduction, the Macintosh II was updated with a more powerful CPU and sold as the Macintosh IIx. In early 1989, the more compact Macintosh IIcx was introduced at a price similar to the original Macintosh II, and by the beginning of 1990 sales stopped altogether. Motherboard upgrades to turn a Macintosh II into a IIx or Macintosh IIfx were offered by Apple.

Development[edit]

Two common criticisms of the Macintosh from its introduction in 1984 were the closed architecture and lack of color; rumors of a color Macintosh began almost immediately.^[2]

The Macintosh II project was begun by Dhuey and Berkeley during 1985 without the knowledge of Apple co-founder and Macintosh division head Steve Jobs, who opposed expansion slots and color, on the basis that the former complicated the user experience and the latter did not conform to WYSIWYG—color printers were not common.^[3] He instead wanted higher-resolution monochrome displays.^[4]

Initially referred to as 'Little Big Mac', the Macintosh II was codenamed 'Milwaukee' after Dhuey's hometown, and later went through a series of new names. After Jobs was fired from Apple in September 1985, the project could proceed openly.

The Macintosh II was introduced at the AppleWorld 1987 conference in Los Angeles,^[5] with low-volume initial shipments starting two months later.^[6] Retailing for US $5,498,^[7] the Macintosh II was the first modular Macintosh model, so called because it came in a horizontal desktop case like many IBM PC compatibles of the time. Previous Macintosh computers use an all-in-one design with a built-in black-and-white CRT.

The Macintosh II has drive bays for an internal hard disk (originally 40 MB or 80 MB) and an optional second floppy disk drive. It, along with the Macintosh SE, was the first Macintosh to use the Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) introduced with the Apple IIGS for keyboard and mouse interface.

The primary improvement in the Macintosh II was Color QuickDraw in ROM, a color version of the graphics routines. Color QuickDraw can handle any display size, up to 8-bit color depth, and multiple monitors. Because Color QuickDraw is included in the Macintosh II's ROM and relies on 68020 instructions, earlier systems could not be upgraded to display color.

In September 1988, shortly before the introduction of the Macintosh IIx, Apple increased the list price of the Macintosh II by roughly 20%.^[8]

Hardware[edit]

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CPU: The Macintosh II is built around the Motorola 68020 processor operating at 16 MHz, teamed with a Motorola 68881floating point unit. The machine shipped with a socket for an MMU, but the 'Apple HMMU Chip' (VLSI VI475 chip) was installed that did not implement virtual memory (instead, it translated 24-bit addresses to 32-bit addresses for the Mac OS, which would not be 32-bit clean until System 7).

Memory: The standard memory was 1 megabyte, expandable to 8 MB.^[9] The Mac II had eight 30-pin SIMMs, and memory was installed in groups of four (called 'Bank A' and 'Bank B').

The original Macintosh II did not have a PMMU by default. It relied on the memory controller hardware to map the installed memory into a contiguous address space. This hardware had the restriction that the address space dedicated to bank A must be larger than those of bank B. Though this memory controller was designed to support up to 16MB 30-pin SIMMs for up to 128MB of RAM, the original Macintosh II ROMs had problems limiting the amount of RAM that can be installed to 8MB. The Macintosh IIx ROMs that also shipped with the FDHD upgrade fixed this problem, though still do not have a 32-bit Memory Manager and cannot boot into 32-bit addressing mode under Mac OS (without the assistance of MODE32).^[10]MODE32 contained a workaround that allowed larger SIMMs to be put in Bank B with the PMMU installed. In this case, the ROMs at boot think that the computer has 8MB or less of RAM. MODE32 then reprograms the memory controller to dedicate more address space to Bank A, allowing access to the additional memory in Bank B. Since this makes the physical address space discontiguous, the PMMU is then used to remap the address space into a contiguous block.

Graphics: The Macintosh II includes a graphics card that supports a true-color 16.7 million color palette^[11] and was available in two configurations: 4-bit and 8-bit. The 4-bit model supports 16 colors on a 640×480 display and 256 colors (8-bit video) on a 512×384 display, which means that VRAM was 256 KB. The 8-bit model supports 256-color video on a 640×480 display, which means that VRAM was 512 KB in size. With an optional RAM upgrade (requiring 120ns DIP chips), the 4-bit version supports 640×480 in 8-bit color.^[12] The video card does not include hardware acceleration of drawing operations.

Display: Apple offered a choice of two displays, a 12' black and white unit, and a more expensive 13' high-resolution color display based on Sony's Trinitron technology. More than one display could be attached to the computer, and objects could be easily dragged from one screen to the next. Third-party displays quickly became available. The Los Angeles Times reviewer called the color 'spectacular.'^[13] The operating system user interface remained black and white even on color monitors with the exception of the Apple logo, which appeared in rainbow color.

Storage: A 5.25-inch 40 MB internal SCSI hard disk was optional, as was a second internal 800 kilobyte 3.5-inch floppy disk drive.

Expansion: Six NuBus slots were available for expansion (at least one of which had to be used for a graphics card, as the Mac II had no onboard graphics chipset and the OS didn't support headless booting). It is possible to connect as many as six displays to a Macintosh II by filling all of the NuBus slots with graphics cards. Another option for expansion included the Mac286, which included an Intel 80286 chip and could be used for MS-DOS compatibility.

The original ROMs in the Macintosh II contained a bug that prevented the system from recognizing more than one megabyte of memory address space on a Nubus card. Every Macintosh II manufactured until approximately November 1987 had this defect. This happened because Slot Manager was not 32-bit clean.^[14] Apple offered a well-publicized recall of the faulty ROMs and released a program to test whether a particular Macintosh II had the defect. As a result, it is rare to find a Macintosh II with the original ROMs.^{[citation needed]}

Accessories: The Macintosh II and Macintosh SE were the first Apple computers since the Apple I to be sold without a keyboard. Instead the customer was offered the choice of the new ADB Apple Keyboard or the Apple Extended Keyboard as a separate purchase. Dealers could bundle a third-party keyboard or attempt to upsell a customer to the more expensive (and higher-profit) Extended Keyboard.

Audio: The Macintosh II was the first Macintosh to have the Chimes of Death accompany the Sad Mac logo whenever a serious hardware error occurred.

The new extensions featured for the Macintosh II at the time were A/ROSE and Sound Manager.^{[citation needed]}

Models[edit]

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The Macintosh II was offered in three configurations. All systems included a mouse and a single 800 KB 3.5-inch floppy disk drive; a 68551 PMMU was available as an option.^[15]

• Macintosh II CPU: 1 MB RAM.
• Macintosh II 1/40 CPU: 1 MB RAM, internal 40-megabyte SCSI HDD.
• Macintosh II 4/40 CPU: 4 MB RAM, internal 40-megabyte SCSI HDD.

Timeline of Macintosh II models

References[edit]

1. ^Edwards, Benj (June 7, 2012). 'The Macintosh II celebrates its 25th anniversary'. Macworld.
2. ^Bartimo, Jim (February 25, 1985). 'Macintosh: Success And Disappointment'. InfoWorld. p. 30. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
3. ^'The Color Convergence'.
4. ^Webster, Bruce (December 1985). 'Microcomputer Color Graphics-Observations'. BYTE. p. 405. Retrieved October 28, 2013.
5. ^'Local Area Networks Newsletter'. Vol. 5 no. 4. April 1987. p. 1.Cite magazine requires magazine= (help)
6. ^'Apple Begins Shipments Of Macintosh II Computer'. Wall Street Journal. May 8, 1987.
7. ^'Mac GUI :: Macintosh II and Macintosh SE announced'. macgui.com. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
8. ^Michael Wang (September 13, 1988). 'Apple price increases'. Newsgroup: comp.sys.mac. Usenet:3642@Portia.Stanford.EDU.
9. ^Apple Announces 68030 Macintosh IIx With High Density Compatible DriveArchived September 8, 2012, at archive.today by John Cook and Carol Cochrane, Business Wire 09/19/88 (retrieved September 20, 2009)
10. ^Series: The 24-bit ROM Blues by Adam C. Engst, Tidbits, April 22, 1991 (retrieved September 21, 2009)
11. ^'OLD-COMPUTERS.COM : The Museum'. www.old-computers.com. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
12. ^'Macintosh II High Resolution Video Card'. lowendmac.com. June 7, 1989. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
13. ^Magid, Lawrence J. (March 2, 1987). 'Apple's Two New Machines Are Dandy'. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 20, 2019. ...the color is spectacular. Unlike most color monitors, it also displays very readable text.
14. ^InfoWorld Magazine, October 26, 1987, p.47
15. ^'Macintosh II - Product Details'(PDF). Apple.

External links[edit]

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• Mac II profile on Low End Mac
• Macintosh II technical specifications at apple.com