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November 05, 2019

I often use VPN to connect to either my home or workplace and I guess that’s a pretty common thing to do. When you define a VPN connection using MacOS’ network settings you can tell it to either:

• just route traffic the way the VPN is configured to route
• route everything through the VPN

If you want something in between that, then the GUI wont help you. However, if you use PPP (which is the default) then there is a nifty hook you can use: /etc/ppp/ip-up.

The output of the netstat command on Mac OS X is very similar to the output you are used to from Linux. The option “-r” tell netstat to show the routing table and the “-n” option as with the “route” command avoids DNS resolution. The netstat command is used to show more then just the routing table and is also available on Linux. For Mac OS, alternatively, you can install BackgroundMusic which also allows you to control each Audio Application's output volume (which Windows 10 and Linux can do but MacOS cannot do on its own): After that, in PyAudio or SoundDevice, you can see additional devices: BackgroundMusic devices are dual input-output devices, i.e., they can be. I need to retrieve the default gateway on a Mac machine. I know that in Linux route -n will give an output from which I can easily retrieve this information. However this is not working in Mac OSX(Snow Leopard). I also tried netstat -nr grep 'default', but I was hoping for a cleaner output like that produced by route -n in Linux/Unix.

This executable file will be called with some predefined arguments every time the VPN connects and allow you to setup some routing. Fx:

The file can be created if not already there, just remember to make it executable with sudo chmod +x /etc/ppp/ip-up

The above script will route all within 192.168.1.0/24 (classic local network subnet) to the local interface and rest goes over the VPN. It will be handy if you just want to be able to connect to your local area network while connecting to the office VPN.

The arguments above and the rest of them is:

I’ve been trying to find some good resources for the arguments given to /etc/ppp/ip-up, but no luck. Found the best description here https://superuser.com/questions/4904/how-to-selectively-route-network-traffic-through-vpn-on-mac-os-x-leopard

If you have more than one VPN connection that you use often, then the above script could come to short. To overcome this we can just switch on fx the IP of the VPN gateway like this:

With this in place it:

• give me access to home network, when on remote VPN.
• it also skips the “home” network part, when using the VPN on the go.
• lastly it allows me to route stuff to my home network when using my Home VPN.

This was a lot of messy stuff just for some simple routing, but it gets the job done. And networking is messy, just ask the president:

Written by Emil Ingerslev who lives and works in Aarhus, Denmark.You should follow him on Twitter

Apple Maps has a long history of trials and tribulation prior to its ultimate triumph. Apple has reached the inflection point in building its map data, and has shifted to aiming for feature parity against its rivals. The one feature that places Apple's offering separate from the rest is its privacy focus for users and the transparency behind how data is or isn't collected.

● Turn by turn navigation
● Siri input
●Traffic overlay
● Look Around mode
● Flyover
● Siri control
● Saved collections
● Shareable ETA
● Stoplight and stop signs on map
● Released September 19, 2012

Apple Maps is on every iOS, iPadOS, macOS, and WatchOS device. Utilizing their newly relaunched maps, made entirely in house, the new maps app is as capable as ever. Turn by turn navigation, traffic updates, lane guidance, traffic signs and stop lights, and even transit data all shape up to a robust and private experience.

Apple does not collect identifiable user data, share it with third parties, or show users ads based on their searches.

By using on-device machine learning and differential privacy to teach Siri when and where you go, Apple Maps is able to be a private and secure experience. A user can see a notification for their next destination based on usage history, calendar data, iMessage data, or reminders.

Users can also make Maps more intelligent by saving known addresses to contacts, or by creating collections in maps.

Collections offer a way to save and label lists of location data for later referencing. Users can organize these collections by name or distance, which can come in handy for someone running errands who needs to know which errand is closest next.

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Another handy use is having your friends contacts updated with their home addresses, then adding those to a collection called friends, so you have quick access to your friends' addresses for navigation at any time.

Maps will pull your home and work locations from your personal contact and make them favorites in the Maps app. You can also assign specific locations as favorites, that way your most traveled destinations are always at the top of maps ready to go.

Siri offers a lot of functionality with Apple Maps as well. You can call on Siri for specific directions, closing times, business information, or find a gas station on the route. By integrating Siri deeply with maps, users can safely control their navigation while driving by being completely hands-free.

Siri Intelligence will also alert you when traffic has slowed and you need to take a detour, but unlike other mapping apps, it will ask if you want to make the change.

Apple has made maps a fully functional travel assistant too. Go look up a destination ahead of a trip, take a flyover tour of the city if available, and add landmarks and restaurants to a collection for use while in town.

Integrated apps like Yelp and Uber can make the app even smarter. Giving you the ability to learn more about a business, and then call a ride share service right from the Apple Maps UI. Maps will even mark the location of your parked car.

Privacy and security are built-in from the ground up. If you get directions to a place, your route isn't uploaded to the server for data analysis. Instead, your route is chopped up into pieces with different starting and stopping points along the way, then uploaded with individual identifiers to separate them in the system.

There is no conceivable way to attach any trip data in Apple servers to an individual user.

Apple added a new system for reporting accidents, road hazards, and speed traps. The crowdsourced information will pop up while getting driections. This popular option has been availabe through third-party navigation apps such as Waze.

Maps has the ability to find COVID-19 vaccination locations thanks to an update in mid-March. Data is sourced from the Boston Children's Hospital's new vaccine tracking service. Another update later in March added COVID-19 guidance from airports.

As Apple continues to release new updates, new features are sure to come to Apple Maps. iOS 14 introduced speed camera avoidance and bicycle routing for the iPhone.

Genius Bar appointments, 'Today at Apple' events and product trade-in availability could become part of the Apple Store sections to provide users a more detailed overview of a local store. This could also lead to other service providers like Apple authorized resellers or Best Buy gaining more detailed data in their Apple Maps listings as well.

Other business details that could be added to listings include available children discounts, couples seating availability, private room availability, and theater details including IMAX screenings. Such details will add to the Apple Maps experience and further close the information gap between what Apple and Google offer in their apps.

Indoor maps are about to see a big upgrade in terms of data sourcing and usability. A new partner, and only partner so far, for the Indoor Maps Program, has joined with Apple to begin mapping indoor spaces with AR features.

The company is called Dent Reality and wants to map all the public indoor spaces of the world with simple tools. The initiative would allow developers to build apps and web experiences using Apple's map API and Dent Reality's AR layer.

The coronavirus outbreak has caused Apple to approach many of its services differently, including its maps app. Now, when users want to search for something, the categories presented pertain to finding food and emergency services.

Aggregated location data from Apple Maps will be publicly available until the end of the crisis, and updated daily, says Apple. A new website for getting the data via a CSV package has been created, allowing users to see how well different areas around the world are doing with the stay at home measure.
Apple has added coronavirus testing locations to maps, allowing users to find the nearest one with ease.

During the protests against George Floyd's death, a street in Washington DC was painted with large letters saying 'Black Lives Matter,' and subsequently renamed Black Lives Matter Plaza. Almost as if it were a race for public perception, social media posts about the street name change being reflected in Google Maps spread fast.

Apple was quick to follow, changing its satellite image to show the large painted letters, which looked almost like a photo of the words were pasted in rather than waiting on the satellite to pass over. The name was changed in Maps shortly after.

The rollout of international features continued in June with England, Scotland, Wales, Sweden, Canada, and the Netherlands gaining transit support. This is the precursor to gaining Apple's updated map data, so the continued global rollout will continue as scheduled for 2020.

During WWDC 2020, Apple announced several updates to Apple Maps. To help people find new places to visit, Guides will feature listings from partner companies that may be of interest, including AllTrails, Complex, Time Out Group, and The Infatuation. Automatically updating over time, the Guides will feature venues, restaurants, and sights, among other topics.

A new cycling experience includes the ability to see directions that involve cycling routes if there's stairs or steep elements, or other hazards, as well as an estimated elevation for aspects of a route. It will be available in New York City, Los Angeles, the San Francisco Bay Area, Shanghai, and Beijing in the coming months.

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For electric car owners, EV Routing will automatically add charging points on a route, as well as routing to take terrain into account, and the range of the vehicle based on the battery charge.

Congestion and green zones will also be shown on Maps.

In August, Apple added Look Around to four cities in Japan as part of its global rollout of its new map system. The cities are Tokyo, Kyoto, Nagoya, and Osaka.

Look Around was also expanded to Phoenix, Denver, Detroit, Miami, and Fort Lauderdale.

Apple spent much of 2019 rolling out the now-released version of maps with its own map data. DuckDuckGo made Apple Maps its integrated map application for search as a choice for user privacy. By the end of January 2020, the new rollout was complete, and Apple Maps was running on completely in house data across all 50 US states.

The year reigned in Maps and saw more polish and quality of life additions. The building of Apple's new map data was well underway, and the year was spent refining the maps experience. A fleet of vehicles equipped with mapping radars traveled around the US to capture accurate data for the new design, which were first seen in 2015.

Pedestrians were given gear to walk around streets and mark building entrances for even more precise data.

2016 saw a full redesign of the app, allowing for a more clean user interface and easier to read details. Siri location suggestions, parked car reminders, and in-route search were all added with iOS 10.

By this point, Apple Maps had fully recovered from its terrible 2012 launch and had become the most popular mapping app on iOS. This was obviously due to its default install but also meant fewer users were switching away.

Apple Maps had become a fully reliable map platform, as long as you weren't in the middle of nowhere. iOS 9 introduced public transportation to maps, and the Nearby feature, which let users find locations around them. The traffic delay feature also launched, which notified users of faster routes in case of a delay.

The addition of CarPlay enabled users to connect their iOS devices and view media and maps on the screen without fumbling with their device or paying for an additional service. CarPlay used Apple Proprietary apps and some third-party audio apps to enhance the experience.

Apple Maps worked as expected with voice control and touchscreens in the car.

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After the failed launch, Apple started working on re-releasing maps right away; hoping to make up for the lost trust of its customers.

In 2013 Apple acquired several companies associated with map data which spurred their way into interior mapping and transit data. iOS 7 launched in September 2013 with vast improvements across the board like real-time traffic data and walking navigation.

Mac OS X also received a Maps app that year, with calendar and contacts integration.

Apple hasn't always had its own mapping and navigation platform, originally relying on Google Maps for all of its onboard navigation. In 2012 this all changed when Apple announced its navigation and map platform called Apple Maps.

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At its initial launch it relied on TomTom data and other third parties, and as a result, ran into errors in 3D rendering and location data. The app relied upon on-device rendering capabilities, and its included Siri add-ins all meant that the new turn by turn navigation was limited to iPhone 4S and up.

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As a result of what was seen as a catastrophic release, Tim Cook publically apologized in a letter and even went so far as to recommends other maps applications while Apple Maps was fixed. The Waze CEO has since gone on record to say that Apple's botched maps launch lead to their ultimate success and acquisition by Google.

Scott Forstall, former Senior Vice President of iOS Software, was ousted as a result of the failed launch.